Framing responsibility (Health Coverage)

Responsibility frames in media coverage describe the mediated attribution of responsibility for causes and remedies (treatments, solutions) health issues, mostly differentiating between individual societal responsibility. Field application/theoretical foundation: Media topics, public opinion formation, responsibility, framing studies, social on issues Example studies: Gollust & Lantz (2009); Kim Willis (2007); O’Hara Smith Stefanik-Sidener (2013); Yoo (2012); Zhang Jin (2015) Information Willis, 2007 Authors: Sei-Hill Kim, Leigh Anne Health topic: Obesity Research questions: How have presented solutions obesity? Have certain appeared more often than others? has causal solution changed over years? mentions increased or decreased? Object analysis: Newspaper television news data containing “obesity” “obese” appearing headline, lead paragraphs, index terms; articles published The New York Times, Washington Post, Chicago Sun-Times, San Francisco Chronicle, Houston USA Today; transcripts obesity from three networks (ABC, CBS, NBC); after conducting a systematic sampling, n = 300 200 were analyzed Time frame January 1995 to August 2004 Info about variables Variables: Variables included attributions treatment cause option was coded as ‘‘not present’’ (0) ‘‘present’’ (1). Level News article respectively tv transcript Causal Solution Personal (Scott’s pi= .81) Unhealthy diet: Consuming too much food, consuming unhealthy addictive emotional eating. Sedentary lifestyle: Lack exercise, physical activities. Genetic conditions: Genetic=biological factors that may produce (e.g., imbalance hunger hormones stimulate appetite). Others: E.g., poor adult role models. .74) Healthy less healthy food. Physically activities: More exercise Medical treatments: Medications diet pills), surgical treatments gastric bypass, stapling). working with support group, talking counselor, parents Societal .86) food industry: Obesity-promoting foods (fast=junk food), super-sizing, large increase fast=junk restaurants, other aggressive marketing promotions. Schools education: school cafeterias, lack activity programs at schools, education eating lifestyle. Socioeconomic factors: Low-income families not be able afford equipment, gym membership. They busy prepare their own automobile-oriented society drive-thru stores big-box stores), unsafe community (crime, traffic, accident), limited opportunities outdoor Regulations Regulating obesity-promoting foods, vending machines, promotions, taxing Changes schools Healthier cafeteria, education. changes: Narrowing income gap, should affordable available, exercise. walking-oriented (less safer community, Stefanik-Sidener, 2013 Author: Kelsey Diabetes What dominant used stories diabetes? most common each type Times (N 239) 2000 2010 presence types both diabetes, respectively: behavioral, societal, medical, mutually exclusive General (Krippendorff’s Alpha= .96) .64) Behavioral Poor diet, activity, individual-level Improving one’s increasing levels environments, car-centered culture, nutrition broad problems access education, policy/societal-level Family history, genetics, age Blood sugar control, medication, surgery 2012 Jina H. Yoo, Junghyun typifications (i.e., claims claims) been made videos YouTube regard issue? do these vary among different formats YouTube? searched keywords 5 March owing capacity limits, number available 1,000 per keyword; random sampling excluding irrelevant videos, total sample N 417 typifications, biological, being behavioral solution, medical pharmacological Reliability: Intercoder reliability calculated category, average intercoder coefficient .89. Cohen’s kappa variable ranged .77 1.00 whole video, including all video’s visual, audio, text presentation claim is due individual’s lifestyle choices, wrong willpower self-control, etc. Biological genetic hormonal To use pills bypass means treating obesity. Systematic based environmental influences policy detrimental practices corporations government, such fast industry’s practices, cafeterias’ inadequate inaccurate information nutrition, A level treatment, implementing obesity-related policies, banning marketing, removing machines school, Jin, 2015 Yuan Zhang, Yan Depression question: Do cultural values organizational restraints shape issues? US (n 228) Chinese 224) newspaper depression, Today, Philadelphia Inquirer, Star Tribune Denver Post; newspapers further specified, except People’s Daily Beijing problem-solving responsibilities measured levels, society-level solutions. Each four subcategories which nominally 0 (absent) 1 (present). For data, pretest two coders randomly selected 10% yielded Pearson’s r 0.737 (p < 0.001) causes, 0.862 0.790 solutions, 0.907 bilingual 0.861 0.893 0.807 0.899 Article operational definitions: In appendix References Gollust, S. E., Lantz, P. M. (2009). Communicating population health: Print 2 diabetes. 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